What is Computer Mediated Communication.CMC or Computer Mediated Communication is defined as any communicative transaction that occurs through the use of two or more networked computers. While the term has traditionally referred to those communications that occur via computer-mediated formats (e.g., instant messages, e-mails, chat rooms), it has also been applied to other forms of text-based interaction such as text messaging.
Research on CMC focuses largely on the social effects of different computer-supported communication technologies.
Types
CMC can be divided into synchronous and asynchronous modes. In synchronous communications all participants are online at the same time (e.g. IRC), while asynchronous communications occurs with time constraints. (e.g. email). People choose asynchronous communication like email for delayed, controlled and longer messages. They also prefer email for negative emotion as they are distant from the receiver ("shielding" effect). On the other hand, people prefer synchronous communication like IM for immediate good news. They also use it because they can multitask while talking.
Scope of the Field
Examining how humans use "computers" (or digital media) to manage interpersonal interaction, form impressions and form and maintain relationships.
These studies have often focused on the differences between online and offline interactions, though contemporary research is moving towards the view that CMC should be studied as embedded in everyday life.
The link for CMC magazine:
http://www.december.com/cmc/mag/
Computer mediated communication magazine published on the web and covers the latest news in the online world, including information technology, knowledge management, and e-business. The magazine reported on people, events, technology, public policy, culture, practices, study, and applications related to human communication and interaction in online environment.
The link for CMC magazine:
http://www.december.com/cmc/mag/
Computer mediated communication magazine published on the web and covers the latest news in the online world, including information technology, knowledge management, and e-business. The magazine reported on people, events, technology, public policy, culture, practices, study, and applications related to human communication and interaction in online environment.
The other side of Computer Mediated Communication.
Social networking within communities can have a profound effect on the way our lives play out. There will be evidence shown that adolescents’ interacting on social networks can lead to negative and unrestrained behaviour in online communities which impacts their future and communities in a harmful way. The effect of social networks impacting communities globally has become apparent in the last 10 years as social networks begin, expand and in some cases end. Exploring the social world online has led to many adolescents exhibiting uncontrolled and unscrupulous online behaviour. The increase in inappropriate disclosure of personal information and content on social networking sites has highlighted the need for conscientious parental guidance and adolescent awareness of the long term effects of online communications. Statistics from a range of sources suggest social networking among teenagers can have a negative effect when used without caution and restraint and can undermine their future prospects.
Communications occurring via mediated communication can stimulate online self-disclosure. According to this theory of hyper-personal communication (Walther, 1996) via computer-mediated-communication (CMC), it is typically characterized by reduced visual, auditory, and contextual cues (e.g. social status cues). A consequence of these reduced cues is that CMC users become less concerned about how others perceive them and feel fewer inhibitions in disclosing intimate information (Valkenbury and Peter, 2009). Therefore, adolescents communicating online feel free to contextualize their emotions without thought to how people associated in their network will perceive it. The issue of interest brought out by this theory is information teenagers disclose in their online life, how is it affecting their face-to-face communication with peers and influencing their future.
Cyberbullying and cybercrime
Social networks give liberties to individuals to create online profiles free and without validation of personal details. In some cases pseudo profiles have been used to malign, and prey upon individuals with the intent of inflicting emotional and psychological damage, causing victims to suffer from low self esteem and suicidal thoughts. 20 to 25 percent of students have been the victims of cyberbullying, with about the same number acting as perpetrators (Cyberbullying Research Center, 2009).
A recent study conducted in Australia showed 1 in 10 Australian teenagers experiences cyberbullying. This usually involves nasty messages or photos posted online or sent on mobile phones. More importantly the survey discovered 92 per cent of young people reported that they were being both cyberbullied and face-to-face bullied (Courier mail, 2010). Extreme cases of the negative effects of cyberbullying are most prominent in the deaths of Alexis Pilkington, 17 who took her own life March 21, following vicious taunts on social networking sites 2010 (CBS News, 2010). To add to this Phoebe Prince also took her own life on January 14, 2010 after suffering from verbal harassment and threats of physical abuse (Kim LaCapria, 2010). These negative repercussions of online interactions are extreme cases. However, they could easily take precedence if harsher measures are not taken to curb the problem and prevent cyberbulling. Social networking sites enable users to harass others easily through the lack of proper barriers and the reduced contextual cues. It is easier for youths to express their feelings online without the inhibitions and concerns that come from face to face interactions because of the reduced auditory, visual and contextual cues that social networking brings.
Parents, teachers, non-profits, government, and industry have been working hard to protect kids online.
The Department of Justice categorizes computer crime in three ways:
Social networking within communities can have a profound effect on the way our lives play out. There will be evidence shown that adolescents’ interacting on social networks can lead to negative and unrestrained behaviour in online communities which impacts their future and communities in a harmful way. The effect of social networks impacting communities globally has become apparent in the last 10 years as social networks begin, expand and in some cases end. Exploring the social world online has led to many adolescents exhibiting uncontrolled and unscrupulous online behaviour. The increase in inappropriate disclosure of personal information and content on social networking sites has highlighted the need for conscientious parental guidance and adolescent awareness of the long term effects of online communications. Statistics from a range of sources suggest social networking among teenagers can have a negative effect when used without caution and restraint and can undermine their future prospects.
Communications occurring via mediated communication can stimulate online self-disclosure. According to this theory of hyper-personal communication (Walther, 1996) via computer-mediated-communication (CMC), it is typically characterized by reduced visual, auditory, and contextual cues (e.g. social status cues). A consequence of these reduced cues is that CMC users become less concerned about how others perceive them and feel fewer inhibitions in disclosing intimate information (Valkenbury and Peter, 2009). Therefore, adolescents communicating online feel free to contextualize their emotions without thought to how people associated in their network will perceive it. The issue of interest brought out by this theory is information teenagers disclose in their online life, how is it affecting their face-to-face communication with peers and influencing their future.
Cyberbullying and cybercrime
Social networks give liberties to individuals to create online profiles free and without validation of personal details. In some cases pseudo profiles have been used to malign, and prey upon individuals with the intent of inflicting emotional and psychological damage, causing victims to suffer from low self esteem and suicidal thoughts. 20 to 25 percent of students have been the victims of cyberbullying, with about the same number acting as perpetrators (Cyberbullying Research Center, 2009).
A recent study conducted in Australia showed 1 in 10 Australian teenagers experiences cyberbullying. This usually involves nasty messages or photos posted online or sent on mobile phones. More importantly the survey discovered 92 per cent of young people reported that they were being both cyberbullied and face-to-face bullied (Courier mail, 2010). Extreme cases of the negative effects of cyberbullying are most prominent in the deaths of Alexis Pilkington, 17 who took her own life March 21, following vicious taunts on social networking sites 2010 (CBS News, 2010). To add to this Phoebe Prince also took her own life on January 14, 2010 after suffering from verbal harassment and threats of physical abuse (Kim LaCapria, 2010). These negative repercussions of online interactions are extreme cases. However, they could easily take precedence if harsher measures are not taken to curb the problem and prevent cyberbulling. Social networking sites enable users to harass others easily through the lack of proper barriers and the reduced contextual cues. It is easier for youths to express their feelings online without the inhibitions and concerns that come from face to face interactions because of the reduced auditory, visual and contextual cues that social networking brings.
Parents, teachers, non-profits, government, and industry have been working hard to protect kids online.
The Department of Justice categorizes computer crime in three ways:
1) The computer as a target - attacking the computers of others (spreading viruses is an example).
2) The computer as a weapon - using a computer to commit "traditional crime" that we see in the physical world (such as fraud or illegal gambling).
3) The computer as an accessory - using a computer as a "fancy filing cabinet" to store illegal or stolen information.
Reports of alleged computer crime have been a hot news item of late. Especially alarming is the realization that many of the masterminds behind these criminal acts are mere kids. In fact, children no longer need to be highly skilled in order to execute cyber crimes. "Hacker tools" are easily available on the Net and, once downloaded, can be used by even novice computer users. This greatly expands the population of possible wrongdoers. Children (and in some cases - their parents) often think that shutting down or defacing Web sites or releasing network viruses are amusing pranks. Kids might not even realize that what they are doing is illegal. Still other kids might find themselves hanging out online with skilled hackers who share hacking tools with them and encourage them to do inappropriate things online. Unfortunately, some of these kids don't realize that they are committing crimes until it is too late. Even more distressing and difficult to combat is the fact that some in the media portray the computer criminal as a modern day Robin Hood. Nothing could be further from the truth.
Psychologist’s summaries negative feelings of Facebook voyagers
Psychologists summarize negative feelings from Facebook users (Brett P. Kennedy, Tamara Hicks, 2011). According to some research the Facebook has an impact on individuals self esteem. The researchers suggest that the process of “selective self presentation” was responsible for influencing the self-esteem of social networking users (Amy L. Gonzales, Jeffrey T. Hancock, 2011). In other words, the process of creating your own profile and making changes to it makes you feel better about yourself. However, in therapy sessions some psychologists have observed Facebook frequently makes an appearance in their narratives of clients. Clients discuss Facebook as an inevitable part of life that they have a love/hate relationship with the latter seeming to come up more in sessions and the adjectives used to describe themselves or their behaviours do not always convey confidence and satisfaction (Brett P. Kennedy, Tamara Hicks, 2011).
Reference : Online conference and networks communications (Department of Internet Studies,Curtin university)
2) The computer as a weapon - using a computer to commit "traditional crime" that we see in the physical world (such as fraud or illegal gambling).
3) The computer as an accessory - using a computer as a "fancy filing cabinet" to store illegal or stolen information.
Reports of alleged computer crime have been a hot news item of late. Especially alarming is the realization that many of the masterminds behind these criminal acts are mere kids. In fact, children no longer need to be highly skilled in order to execute cyber crimes. "Hacker tools" are easily available on the Net and, once downloaded, can be used by even novice computer users. This greatly expands the population of possible wrongdoers. Children (and in some cases - their parents) often think that shutting down or defacing Web sites or releasing network viruses are amusing pranks. Kids might not even realize that what they are doing is illegal. Still other kids might find themselves hanging out online with skilled hackers who share hacking tools with them and encourage them to do inappropriate things online. Unfortunately, some of these kids don't realize that they are committing crimes until it is too late. Even more distressing and difficult to combat is the fact that some in the media portray the computer criminal as a modern day Robin Hood. Nothing could be further from the truth.
Psychologist’s summaries negative feelings of Facebook voyagers
Psychologists summarize negative feelings from Facebook users (Brett P. Kennedy, Tamara Hicks, 2011). According to some research the Facebook has an impact on individuals self esteem. The researchers suggest that the process of “selective self presentation” was responsible for influencing the self-esteem of social networking users (Amy L. Gonzales, Jeffrey T. Hancock, 2011). In other words, the process of creating your own profile and making changes to it makes you feel better about yourself. However, in therapy sessions some psychologists have observed Facebook frequently makes an appearance in their narratives of clients. Clients discuss Facebook as an inevitable part of life that they have a love/hate relationship with the latter seeming to come up more in sessions and the adjectives used to describe themselves or their behaviours do not always convey confidence and satisfaction (Brett P. Kennedy, Tamara Hicks, 2011).
Reference : Online conference and networks communications (Department of Internet Studies,Curtin university)
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